1,347
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[West Africa]] > [[Senegal]] > [[Bagnomba]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|2.713017, -12.376238~[[Bagnomba]]~Western Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Bagnomba.
* The population size is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The size of the site is unknown.
* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging and transformation of land for agriculture.
* Conservation activities have focused on research activities; the site is also an offset site of the Petowal mining company.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The site is located in the savanna-woodlands of southeastern Senegal, 15 km away from the Fongoli research site (Badji et al. 2018).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|km²
|-
|Coordinates
|2.713017, -12.376238
|-
|Designation
|Unclassified
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Savanna, subtropical/tropical dry forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
Chimpanzees are present in the area but the population size is currently unknown.
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2014-2015
|
|
|Present
|Bagnomba
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Ndiaye et al. 2017
|
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2015
|
|
|Present
|Bagnomba Hill, 5 sq. km
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Badji et al. 2018
|survey effort: 65 km. 550 nests recorded
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2020
|
|
|
|Bagnomba
|Line transect (Distance) and camera trap survey
|Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Direct threats at Bagnomba include deforestation around the base of the hill due to agriculture and livestock grazing. Gold mining is present within a 3 km radius from the hill (Badji et al. 2018).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High
|
|Expansion of agricultural land in the area (Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|Extraction of timber for construction (Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|High
|
|Competition for ''Adansonia digitata'', baobab, which chimpanzees also feed on (Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
A few studies have been conducted at the site, including the investigation of chimpanzee nesting behavior (Badji et al. 2018), and surveys that have included the area (Ndiaye et al. 2017, Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Ground nest
|Badji et al. 2018
|-
|}
=External links=
= References =
Badji, L., Ndiaye, P. I., Lindshield, S. M., Ba, C. T., & Pruetz, J. D. (2018). Savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) nesting ecology at Bagnomba (Kedougou, Senegal). Primates, 59, 235-241. <br>
Ndiaye, P. I., Lindshield, S. M., Badji, L., & Pruetz, J. D. (2017, January). Survey of Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus (Schwarz, 1934), Outside the Protected Areas in Senegal (West Africa). In FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA (Vol. 88, No. 2, pp. 113-114). ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND: KARGER. <br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''Dame Diallo''' Date:''' 26/10/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[West Africa]] > [[Senegal]] > [[Bagnomba]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|2.713017, -12.376238~[[Bagnomba]]~Western Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Bagnomba.
* The population size is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The size of the site is unknown.
* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging and transformation of land for agriculture.
* Conservation activities have focused on research activities; the site is also an offset site of the Petowal mining company.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The site is located in the savanna-woodlands of southeastern Senegal, 15 km away from the Fongoli research site (Badji et al. 2018).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|km²
|-
|Coordinates
|2.713017, -12.376238
|-
|Designation
|Unclassified
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Savanna, subtropical/tropical dry forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
Chimpanzees are present in the area but the population size is currently unknown.
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2014-2015
|
|
|Present
|Bagnomba
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Ndiaye et al. 2017
|
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2015
|
|
|Present
|Bagnomba Hill, 5 sq. km
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Badji et al. 2018
|survey effort: 65 km. 550 nests recorded
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2020
|
|
|
|Bagnomba
|Line transect (Distance) and camera trap survey
|Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Direct threats at Bagnomba include deforestation around the base of the hill due to agriculture and livestock grazing. Gold mining is present within a 3 km radius from the hill (Badji et al. 2018).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High
|
|Expansion of agricultural land in the area (Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|Extraction of timber for construction (Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|High
|
|Competition for ''Adansonia digitata'', baobab, which chimpanzees also feed on (Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
A few studies have been conducted at the site, including the investigation of chimpanzee nesting behavior (Badji et al. 2018), and surveys that have included the area (Ndiaye et al. 2017, Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bagnomba'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Ground nest
|Badji et al. 2018
|-
|}
=External links=
= References =
Badji, L., Ndiaye, P. I., Lindshield, S. M., Ba, C. T., & Pruetz, J. D. (2018). Savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) nesting ecology at Bagnomba (Kedougou, Senegal). Primates, 59, 235-241. <br>
Ndiaye, P. I., Lindshield, S. M., Badji, L., & Pruetz, J. D. (2017, January). Survey of Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus (Schwarz, 1934), Outside the Protected Areas in Senegal (West Africa). In FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA (Vol. 88, No. 2, pp. 113-114). ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND: KARGER. <br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''Dame Diallo''' Date:''' 26/10/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->