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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHDknLH4bYc|320x210|inline}}
Wildlife patrol team encounters with chimpanzee signs indicate a decreasing trend (Danquah, E., pers. comm. 2022).
Wildlife patrol team encounters with chimpanzee signs indicate a decreasing trend (Danquah, E., pers. comm. 2022).
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
[[File: Bia NP headquarters PK Quansah.jpg | 400px | thumb| right | Bia National Park headquarters © Papa Kwaw Quansah]]
A total of 3,721 illegal human signs which are threats to the subspecies were recorded in 2021 and provided an overall encounter rate of 5.69 human signs per a kilometre walk. Three major threats among these were cartridge case (45.9%), wire snare (29.4%) and illegal logging (14.2%) (Danquah, E., pers. comm. 2022). Poachers still poach in the park, and set snares that also affect chimpanzees. Although poaching is not very frequent, it is a main threat because of the site’s low chimpanzee population abundance The chimpanzees also raid crops, resulting in conflicts between them and farmers; crop raiding by elephants is much higher (Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023).
A total of 3,721 illegal human signs which are threats to the subspecies were recorded in 2021 and provided an overall encounter rate of 5.69 human signs per a kilometre walk. Three major threats among these were cartridge case (45.9%), wire snare (29.4%) and illegal logging (14.2%) (Danquah, E., pers. comm. 2022). Poachers still hunt in the park and set snares that also affect chimpanzees. Although poaching is not very frequent, it is a main threat because of the site’s low chimpanzee population abundance. Farm raids by wildlife resulting in human-wildlife conflict with elephants the most but chimpanzees are also involved. And with chimpanzees being low in numbers compared to elephants, it means a major threat to the chimpanzee population (Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Bia Conservation Area'''
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Bia Conservation Area'''
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|
|Unknown
|Absent
|
|
|
|
|3. Energy production & mining
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|
|Unknown
|Absent
|
|
|
|
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|
|Unknown
|Absent
|
|
|
|
|Medium
|Medium
|5.69 human signs/km
|5.69 human signs/km
|Cartridge cases and wire snares (Danquah, E. pers. comm. 2022).
|Cartridge cases and wire snares (Danquah, E. pers. comm. 2022). Poaching of wildlife which includes illegal entry with guns to kill wildlife and setting of traps like wire snares (Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Low
|Low
|
|
|Fires mostly related to the capture of tree hyrax (Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023).
|Hunting for tree Hyrax with the use of fires, resulting sometimes in bushfires (Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|Conservation education and outreach programmes in communities around the Park (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Conservation education and outreach programmes in communities around the Park (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|
|10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management
|Communities around the park are aggregated into 10 Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) where they have a constitution and management plans backed by the local government to regulate the use of their natural resources and also help protect the protected area from human entering (Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|
|
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|
|11.6. Demarcate and enforce boundaries of protected areas
|Fifty (50) missing, broken and defaced boundary pillars replaced (out of a total of 115 boundary pillar points identified) to properly demarcate and delineate the park from fringe farms and prevent encroachment into the park (Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023).
|2020
|-
|-
|
|
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development)
|13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development)
|Tropenbus, UNESCO, and SNV support income generating activities such as beekeeping and honey processing, palm oil processing, soap production, snail farming, and mushroom cultivation (Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023).
|Tropenbus Ghana, UNESCO, and SNV Ghana support income generating activities such as beekeeping and honey processing, palm oil processing, soap production, snail farming, and mushroom cultivation (Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|-
|-
|Lack of infrastructure maintenance
|Lack of infrastructure maintenance
|Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023
|-
|Lack of research to know animal numbers and reliable resource data
|Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023
|-
|Outdated management plan
|Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023
|-
|Inaccessible internal roads within the park to improve internal patrols and tourism
|Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023
|Quansah P. K., pers. comm. 2023
|-
|-
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Cite as: Danquah, E., Ofori-Amanfo, R. & Papa Kwaw Quansah (2023) Bia Conservation Area. A.P.E.S. Wiki. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://wiki.iucnapesportal.org/index.php/Bia_Conservation_Area
Cite as: Danquah, E., Ofori-Amanfo, R. & Papa Kwaw Quansah (2023) Bia Conservation Area. A.P.E.S. Wiki. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://wiki.iucnapesportal.org/index.php/Bia_Conservation_Area
'''Page completed by: '''Emmanuel Danquah, Richard Ofori-Amanfo & Papa Kwaw Quansah''' Date:''' 26/10/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
'''Page completed by: '''Emmanuel Danquah, Richard Ofori-Amanfo & Papa Kwaw Quansah''' Date:''' 03/11/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->