duser, Administrators
731
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
Line 6:
Line 6:
+ + +
−
−
−
−
−
−
!Method
+
−Chimpanzees were censused with line transect and made reconnaissance walks. Transect was walked every 2 weeks for a period of 3–4 months Repeat counts along transects were analyzed as dependent sightings. Data obtained were analyzed in DISTANCE
|2008-Ongoing (2024)+|-
−|11 Climate change & severe weather
−|11.1 Habitat shifting & alteration
−|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−|Clearing of land for pine and eucalyptus plantations as well as encroachment for agriculture (NFA, 2008)
−|2008-Ongoing(2024)+|-
−|
−|5.6 Habitat restoration (e.g., tree planting)
−|UWA agreed to plant savanna figs in Queen Elizabeth in order to restore a corridor between Kyambura Gorge and Maramagambo forest so as chimpanzees are able to move across habitats (UWA, 2012)
−|Uganda Wildlife Authority
−Medicinal plant species used by local communities around Maramagambo (Gumisiriza et al., 2019)
−Species diversity of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) in North Maramagambo Forest (Tumuhimbise et al., 2001)
= Summary =
= Summary =
−<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|-0.353826, 29.927896~[[Maramagambo Central Forest]]~Pan troglodytes troglodytes}}</div>
+<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|-0.353826, 29.927896~[[Maramagambo Central Forest]]~'Pan troglodytes troglodytes''}}</div>
−* Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii'') are present in Maramagambo Central Forest.
−* The population size was estimated at 202 individuals in 1999.
−* The population trend is unknown.
−= Site characteristics =
= Site characteristics =
−Maramagambo Forest is the largest central forest reserve located in in Bushenyi District, Western Uganda. It encompasses an area of 443 Km2, contagious with Kalinzu Central Forest (Hashimoto, 1998). Forest is under dual management by National Forest Authority as a Central Forest Reserve and Uganda Wildlife Authority as part of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area (QECA) (NFA, 2023). The forest is an important catchment area for lake Nyamusingiri, Kibona wetland, and rivers Nchwera, Sherere, Rwampunu, Keizi that drain into Lake Edward (NFA, 2023).
+Maramagambo Forest is the largest central forest reserve located in in Bushenyi District, Western Uganda. It encompasses an area of 443 sq. km, contagious with Kalinzu Central Forest (Hashimoto, 1998). The forest is under dual management by the National Forest Authority as a Central Forest Reserve, and Uganda Wildlife Authority as part of the Queen Elizabeth Coservation Area (NFA, 2023). The forest is an important catchment area for lake Nyamusingiri, Kibona wetland, and rivers Nchwera, Sherere, Rwampunu, Keizi that drain into Lake Edward (NFA, 2023).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Maramagambo Central Forest'''
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Maramagambo Central Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|Species
−|Pan troglodytes troglodytes
+|'Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
|-
|-
|Area
|Area
−|443
+|443 km²
|-
|-
|Coordinates
|Coordinates
Line 38:
Line 31:
|-
|-
|Habitat types
|Habitat types
−|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Grassland, "Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes)"
+|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Grassland, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes)
|-
|-
|Type of governance
|Type of governance
Line 53:
Line 46:
!Species
!Species
!Year
!Year
+!Occurrence
+!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
+!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+!Survey area
−!Encounter rate (nests/km)
+!Sampling method
−!Area
+!Analytical framework
−!Source
!Source
!Comments
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|-
−|Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
+|'Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
−|1999
+|1999.0
−|202.01(190-255)
+|Present
+|
|0.46
|0.46
−|
+|202.01 (190-255)
|Maramagambo Central Forest
|Maramagambo Central Forest
|Line transects & recces
|Line transects & recces
−|(Plumptre, Cox & Mugume, 2003)
+|Distance sampling (decay time unknown)
−|A marked nest count method was used to obtain nest density estimates, Nest density was converted to chimpanzee density.
+|Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003
−|A marked nest count method was used to obtain nest density estimates, nest density was converted to chimpanzee density.
−|
|
|}
|}
Line 92:
Line 86:
|2.1.2 Small-holder farming
|2.1.2 Small-holder farming
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−|Encroachment for on forest for agriculture (USAID, 2015:Kamugisha-Ruhombe)
+|Encroachment on forest for agriculture (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
|2007-Ongoing (2024)
|2007-Ongoing (2024)
|-
|-
−|
+|5 Biological resource use
|5.1.2 Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target)
|5.1.2 Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target)
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−|Hunting using dogs, nets, spears and mostly snares (USAID, 2015: Kamugisha-Ruhombe)
+|Hunting using dogs, nets, spears and mostly snares (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
|2007-Ongoing (2024)
|2007-Ongoing (2024)
|-
|-
Line 104:
Line 98:
|5.3.2 Commercial logging
|5.3.2 Commercial logging
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−|Illegal pitsawing for timber sales and charcoal burning (USAID, 2015: Kamugisha-Ruhombe)
+|Illegal pitsawing for timber sales and charcoal burning (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
|2007-Ongoing (2024)
|2007-Ongoing (2024)
|-
|-
−|5 Biological resource use
+|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
−|5.3.1 Subsistence logging
+|2.2 Wood & pulp plantations
−|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
+|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−|For firewood, used at household level (USAID, 2015: Kamugisha-Ruhombe)
+|30 hectares of the reserve are under pine and eucalyptus plantations by the private sector (NFA 2008).
−|2007-Ongoing (2024)
+|2008-Ongoing (2024)
|-
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5 Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
−|To use for medicine, bush ropes and poles for construction (USAID, 2015:Kamugisha-Ruhombe)
+|Collection of NTFPs for medicine, bush ropes and poles for construction (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
|2007-Ongoing (2024)
|2007-Ongoing (2024)
|-
|-
−|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
+|5 Biological resource use
−|2.2 Wood & pulp plantations
+|5.3.1 Subsistence logging
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
−|30 hectares of the reserve are under pine and eucalyptus plantations by the private sector (NFA, 2008)
+|For firewood, used at household level (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
−|2007-Ongoing (2024)
−|2008-Ongoing (2024)
|}
|}
Line 145:
Line 133:
!Year of activity
!Year of activity
|-
|-
−|7 Economic & other incentives
+|2 Counter-wildlife crime
−|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
+|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
−|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project
+|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project.
|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
|2021-Ongoing (2024)
|2021-Ongoing (2024)
Line 153:
Line 141:
|5 Protection & restoration
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
−|Part of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area (QECA) and recognized as a Central Forest Resreve (NFA, 2023)
+|Part of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area and recognized as a Central Forest Resreve (NFA 2023).
|Uganda Wildlife Authority and National Forest Authority
|Uganda Wildlife Authority and National Forest Authority
−|1952-Ongoig(2024)
+|1952-Ongoig (2024)
|-
|-
−|8 Permanent presence
+|5 Protection & restoration
−|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
+|5.6 Habitat restoration (e.g., tree planting)
−|Eco-tourism is ongoing particularly in the northern part of the reserve e.g. Nyamusingiri ecotourism site
+|UWA agreed to plant savanna figs in Queen Elizabeth in order to restore a corridor between Kyambura Gorge and Maramagambo forest so as chimpanzees are able to move across habitats (UWA 2012).
|Uganda Wildlife Authority
|Uganda Wildlife Authority
−|
+|2008-Ongoing (2024)
|-
|-
−|2 Counter-wildlife crime
+|7 Economic & other incentives
−|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
+|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
−|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project
+|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project.
|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
|2021-Ongoing (2024)
|2021-Ongoing (2024)
+|-
+|8 Permanent presence
+|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
+|Eco-tourism is ongoing particularly in the northern part of the reserve e.g. Nyamusingiri ecotourism site (Basiibye pers. obs. 2024).
+|Uganda Wildlife Authority
+|Ongoing (2024)
|-
|-
|
|
−|Other (Collaborative Forest Management)
+|Other
−|promoting Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) to involve communities themselves in protecting the forests (NFA, 2008)
+|Promoting Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) to involve communities themselves in protecting the forests (NFA 2008).
|National Forest Authority
|National Forest Authority
−|2008-Ongoing (2024)
−|2008-Ongoing(2024)
|}
|}
Line 193:
Line 181:
= Research activities =
= Research activities =
−= Documented behaviours =
= Documented behaviours =
Line 216:
Line 202:
Gumisiriza, H., Birungi, G., Olet, E. A., & Sesaazi, C. D. (2019). Medicinal plant species used by local communities around queen elizabeth national park, maramagambo central forest reserve and ihimbo central forest reserve, south western Uganda. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 239, 111926.
Gumisiriza, H., Birungi, G., Olet, E. A., & Sesaazi, C. D. (2019). Medicinal plant species used by local communities around queen elizabeth national park, maramagambo central forest reserve and ihimbo central forest reserve, south western Uganda. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 239, 111926.
+
+
Kamugisha-Ruhombe, J. (2007). Forest law enforcement and governance Uganda Country assessment and issues paper. Afornet, Kampala, Uganda.
Kamugisha-Ruhombe, J. (2007). Forest law enforcement and governance Uganda Country assessment and issues paper. Afornet, Kampala, Uganda.
+
+
National Forest Authority, NFA. (2023). Getting to Know Uganda’s Diverse Forests: Maramagambo Forest. https://www.nfa.org.ug/ecotourism/maramagambo-forest/. Retrieved on 26th November, 2024.
National Forest Authority, NFA. (2023). Getting to Know Uganda’s Diverse Forests: Maramagambo Forest. https://www.nfa.org.ug/ecotourism/maramagambo-forest/. Retrieved on 26th November, 2024.
+
+
Tumuhimbise, G., Okwakol, M. J. N., & Kangwagye, T. N. (2001). Species diversity of swallowtail butterflies(Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) in North Maramagambo Forest. African Journal of Ecology, 39(1), 113-115.
Tumuhimbise, G., Okwakol, M. J. N., & Kangwagye, T. N. (2001). Species diversity of swallowtail butterflies(Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) in North Maramagambo Forest. African Journal of Ecology, 39(1), 113-115.
+
+
UWA. (2012). Protecting the wildlife corridors of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area.
UWA. (2012). Protecting the wildlife corridors of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area.
+
+
USAID. (2015). Uganda Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment (ETOA).
USAID. (2015). Uganda Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment (ETOA).